terraquery.ai
Section 06

Spectral indices

Spectral indices are mathematical formulas that highlight specific features in multispectral imagery. TerraQuery automatically detects which indices are available based on the bands in your TIFF.

RGB indices (all cameras)

Available for any RGB orthomosaic:

IndexFull nameWhat it shows
VARIVisible Atmospherically Resistant IndexVegetation health. (G−R)/(G+R−B)
ExGExcess Green IndexGreen vegetation vs bare soil. 2G−R−B
GLIGreen Leaf IndexLiving green vegetation. (2G−R−B)/(2G+R+B)
NGRDINormalized Green-Red Difference IndexCrop health. (G−R)/(G+R)

Multispectral indices (NIR required)

Available when the TIFF has a Near-Infrared band:

IndexFull nameWhat it shows
NDVINormalized Difference Vegetation IndexVegetation density & health. (NIR−R)/(NIR+R)
SAVISoil-Adjusted Vegetation IndexVegetation with exposed soil. (NIR−R)/(NIR+R+0.5)×1.5
EVIEnhanced Vegetation IndexHigh-biomass areas. 2.5×(NIR−R)/(NIR+6R−7.5B+1)

Red Edge indices (RedEdge band required)

Available for cameras with a dedicated RedEdge band (e.g. MicaSense):

IndexFull nameWhat it shows
NDRENormalized Difference Red EdgeCrop nitrogen stress, canopy density. (NIR−RE)/(NIR+RE)

How band detection works

TerraQuery automatically identifies which band in your TIFF corresponds to which spectral role:

Bands where mean reflectance is below 20 (water absorption bands) are excluded from role assignment.

Color scale (dynamic stretch)

The colormap for each index is dynamically stretched to the p2–p98 percentile range of the actual pixel values in your image. The full color range is always used regardless of absolute values — low-contrast images still show meaningful variation.

On the standard red-to-green scale: